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How Europe Made Indebted African States Into Its Border Police

On November 27, General Abdourahamane Tiani, head of the military junta currently running Niger’s government, declared the unilateral abolition of two key migration agreements which former president Mahamadou Issoufou had brokered with the European Union (EU) back in 2015.

https://jacobin.com/2023/12/eu-niger-algeria-migration-borders-debt-energy/